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71.
为了研究常温养护条件下活性粉末混凝土(RPC)板的抗冲击性能,对3块RPC板和3块普通钢筋混凝土(RC)板进行14 m高度下的落锤冲击试验,利用高速动态采集系统对落锤冲击过程中动态加速度和动态支座反力、混凝土板的应变进行采集,通过记录数据并对比分析了RPC板和RC板抗冲击性能的差异。试验结果表明:与普通RC板相比,RPC板的落锤冲击持续时间明显延长,冲击速度增大,冲量明显增加;冲击加速度峰值、平均冲击力及最大冲击力均减小;RPC板四角所承受的动态反力幅值明显大于RC板;RPC板的最大应变均大于RC板。分析混凝土板的破坏情况,发现RPC板正面接触冲击部位只出现较小的冲击坑,未出现RC板的穿透性破坏,且RPC板背面的裂缝数量均少于RC板,宽度也明显小于RC板。试验结果,表明常温养护条件下RPC板的抗冲击性能明显高于RC板,且随着钢纤维掺量的增加,RPC板的抗冲击性能逐渐增强,相比较于普通混凝土,RPC材料更加适用于受落石冲击危害的地区。 相似文献
72.
ABSTRACTUnder the combined influence of climate changes and human activities, the hydrological regime of the Wei River shows remarkable variations which have caused many issues in the Wei River in recent decades, such as a lack of freshwater, water pollution, disastrous flooding and channel sedimentation. Hence, hydrological regime changes and potential human-induced impacts have been drawing increasing attention from local government and hydrologists. This study investigates hydrological regime changes in the natural and measured runoff series at four hydrological stations on the main Wei River and quantifies features of their long-term change by analysing their historical annual and seasonal runoff data using several approaches, i.e., continuous wavelet transform, cross-wavelet, wavelet coherence, trend-free pre-whitening Mann-Kendall test and detrended fluctuation analysis. By contrasting two different analysis results between natural and measured river runoff series, the impacts of human activities on the long-term hydrological regime were investigated via the changes of spatio-temporal distribution in dominant periods, the trends and long-range memory of river runoff. The results show : (a) that periodic properties of the streamflow changes are the result of climate, referring to precipitation changes in particular, while human activities play a minor role; (b) a significant decreasing trend can be observed in the natural streamflow series along the entire main stream of the Wei River and the more serious decrease emerging in measured flow should result from human-induced influences in recent decades; and (c) continuous decreasing streamflow in the Wei River will trigger serious shortages of freshwater in the future, which may challenge the sustainability and safety of water resources development in the river basin, and should be paid great attention before 2020.
Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor K. Hamed 相似文献
73.
沥青混凝土心墙作为堆石坝的防渗结构,其受力安全备受工程领域的关注,对其进行快速简便地受力变形分析具有重要意义。利用薄板小挠度弯曲理论以及里兹法求解了置于Winkler弹性地基上三边固支一边自由矩形薄板在水压力作用下的挠曲变形函数,推导了矩形薄板的变形、内力和应力计算公式;建立了矩形薄板与实际沥青混凝土心墙之间的一一映射关系,将矩形薄板的变形、内力和应力映射到实际河谷断面心墙上,从而建立了沥青混凝土心墙简化解析受力分析模型。借助有限元方法对模型的可靠性进行了验证,最后将该模型应用于工程实例。研究结果表明,此模型有助于快速预估沥青混凝土心墙受力变形,同时研究思路也拓展了沥青混凝土心墙受力变形的计算方法。 相似文献
74.
原状黄土是一种具有结构强度的欠压密土,其侧限压缩变形特性区别于一般土。为研究原状黄土侧限压缩变形的共性,对西安、兰州6个场地不同含水率的原状Q3、Q2黄土进行了侧限压缩试验,得到了相应场地不同含水率原状黄土的压缩曲线,分析了其压缩曲线的形态,通过曲线对应的压缩屈服应力及初始孔隙比,将各黄土不同含水率下的压缩曲线归一化为同一曲线,且形成时代相同的黄土归一化曲线位置相同,并利用复合幂?指数模式分别描述了Q3、Q2黄土归一化的曲线。将文献中试验黄土的初始孔隙比与压缩屈服应力代入归一化曲线的表达式,计算得其压缩曲线和压缩性指标。经对比,与文献实测压缩曲线及压缩性指标很接近,验证了黄土压缩曲线的归一化特性并对其进行了应用。结果表明：试验黄土压缩曲线具有可被其初始孔隙比和压缩屈服应力归一化的特性,此特性为黄土侧限变形性质的分析提供了一条便捷的途径。 相似文献
75.
高陡边坡变形及其对坝体安全稳定的影响,是高山峡谷型流域水利工程施工建设与安全运行所普遍面临的重要科学问题。一是高陡边坡稳定性研究,通过坝体两岸高陡边坡变形监测理论和方法研究,为实现动态反馈提供可靠的分析数据,再评价高陡边坡安全稳定性。二是高陡边坡变形对坝体安全稳定影响研究,通过分析岸坡与坝体间的相互作用,明确高陡边坡变形对坝体安全稳定的影响机制、作用范围和作用程度。在总结上述研究内容进展的基础上,归纳了本研究方向亟需解决的4个关键科学问题：时变监控方法、高精度数值仿真、智能优化反分析、边坡对坝体影响的理论计算方法,认为应进一步开展高陡边坡与坝体间相互影响机制及加固措施研究,为高陡边坡变形及其对坝体安全稳定影响研究提供思路。 相似文献
76.
《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2007,253(3-4):359-368
Optical second harmonic generation microscopy was used to generate three-dimensional images of fluid inclusions in quartz. Because the exciting light was focused with a high numerical aperture microscope objective, phase-matching conditions in the quartz led to the generation of frequency doubled light only at the surfaces of the fluid inclusions and not in the bulk material, providing an axial resolution of approximately 1 μm. The volume of synthetic two-phase water inclusions was determined from second harmonic images. The bubble volume was measured using brightfield microscopy (the sample was heated to ensure a smaller bubble that could take on a spherical shape inside the inclusion). The bulk molar volume was then calculated from the vapor–liquid ratio. The values obtained for the bulk molar volume were found to be in good agreement with values calculated from measurements of the homogenization temperature. 相似文献
77.
Regulation of vegetation pattern on the hydrodynamic processes of erosion on hillslope in Loess Plateau,China 
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下载免费PDF全文 As vegetation are closely related to soil erosion, hydrodynamic parameter changes under various vegetation pattern conditions can be used as an important basis for the research of the soil erosion mechanism. Through upstream water inflow experiments conducted on a loess hillslope, how the vegetation pattern influences the hydrodynamic processes of sediment transport was analyzed. The results show that the placement of a grass strip on the lower upslope can effectively reduce runoff erosion by 69%, relying on the efficiency of regulated hydrodynamic process. The effective location of grass strip for hillslope alleviating erosion is on the lower part of the upslope, mainly due to the grass strip measure used to regulate the hydrodynamic system. As a result, the underlying surface runoff resistance is increased by 5 times, runoff shear stress is decreased by more than 90%, and runoff power decreased by over 92%. The measure greatly separates the scouring energy of surface runoff that acts on the slope soil. Therefore, the use of grass strips effectively decreases the energy of runoff flowing along the slope, eliminating soil erosion to a great extent and thereby achieving a better regulation of hydrodynamic processe. 相似文献
78.
Check dam systems are extensively utilized on the Loess Plateau. However, the development of the check dam system is restrained due to the failure hazard. To investigate the failure process of the check dam system and the corresponding effect, a hydrodynamic simulation was conducted in this study based on the failure of a typical check dam system, which occurred on 15 July 2012. The simulation was regarded as satisfactory based on verification with observed data of the peak discharge at the outlet of the catchment (NSE?=?0.61, R2?=?0.83), breaches of damaged check dams (relative error?<?20%) and maximum water depths in the front of 2 check dams (relative error of ? 13.4% and?+?4%). The simulation results indicated that the series failure in the tributary ditch did not cause the stack of peak discharges, and the peak flood discharge at the outlet of the catchment in this failure increased 20% compared to the status without dam-break and decreased 87% compared to the status without check dam.
相似文献79.
石灰土作为路基填料代替宕渣是一种较为经济的方案,但灰土初始强度低、硬化速率慢、碳化时间长,不利于快速施工,需要进行改良研究。利用偏高岭土与石灰发生火山灰反应的原理改良灰土,通过单轴压缩试验和三轴压缩试验,分析改良灰土冻融循环条件下力学参数变化规律,利用图像处理技术提取改良灰土图像表面孔隙,建立孔隙率与强度的关系,并通过研究龄期、石灰含量和含水率变化规律,分析偏高岭土改良灰土的机制。结果表明：偏高岭土能够有效提高灰土材料反应速率,改善灰土力学特性;偏高岭土在一定程度上能够恢复冻融循环导致的灰土力学性能损失,降低冰晶体产生的孔隙;灰土强度达到最优后,其强度随着石灰的增加而降低,而经偏高岭土改良后其强度将继续增加;火山灰反应比灰土碳化过程消耗更多的水分,有效提高了灰土的抗冻性能。 相似文献
80.
为研究高岩温引水隧洞的温度场分布规律,本文依托新疆公格尔引水隧洞高岩温洞段,设置围岩温度监测试验洞,利用自研发的围岩温度监测仪,测试了试验洞在施工期、过水运行期及模拟检修期的围岩温度,得到了不同条件下的隧道围岩温度分布特征与规律。结果表明:引水隧洞高温段,离隧洞中心一定距离,围岩温度趋于稳定,随着围岩深度加深,此温度值不再发生变化。自围岩深部开始,靠近洞壁,岩体温度值按指数递减。隧洞开挖扰动对于岩体温度场的影响半径约为2倍的开挖洞径。在隧洞施工开挖完成后,围岩温度不会因为开挖的结束而变小,反而会由于隧洞支护结构（喷层、衬砌）施做的封闭,温度会进一步上升。对于新疆公格尔引水隧洞高温段围岩温度,进水前后,围岩温度差可按40 ℃计算,在排水后检修期围岩深浅部温度差可按25 ℃计算。 相似文献